Business dictionary

A newly established company, often focused on creating or advancing innovative products or services. Unlike traditional businesses, startups aim for rapid growth and usually operate under uncertain market conditions as they develop a scalable business model. Typically, startups seek external funding to fuel growth, attract talent, and expand quickly. They are known for their agile work environments, high-risk tolerance, and disruptive approach in industries such as technology, healthcare, and finance.

A payment made by a company to its shareholders in the form of additional shares, rather than cash. This type of dividend allows shareholders to increase their ownership stake in the company without purchasing additional shares. Stock dividends are often issued when a company prefers to retain cash for expansion or other purposes but still wants to reward its shareholders.

A corporate action where a company increases the number of its shares while simultaneously decreasing the nominal value of each share. This is typically done to make the stock more accessible to investors, without altering the total market value of the company’s equity. For instance, in a 2-for-1 stock split, shareholders who previously held one share would now hold two, with the price of each share halved.

Assessments conducted by regulatory authorities and central banks to evaluate the resilience and stability of financial institutions under various hypothetical scenarios, such as economic or financial crises. The goal of these tests is to identify potential weaknesses in banks and ensure that they hold sufficient capital to withstand adverse shocks, thus safeguarding the overall stability of the financial system. These tests simulate extreme market conditions to verify that banks can manage losses without severe disruption.

Α financial assistance or monetary support provided, typically by the government or other institutions, to support specific activities or projects without the need for repayment. Subsidies are aimed at strengthening sectors such as agriculture, research, small and medium-sized businesses, and other needs that serve the public interest.

The practice of measuring, disclosing, and being held accountable for an organization’s environmental and social performance.

Farming practices that prioritize environmental health, economic profitability, and social equity.

Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

Investing in companies that prioritize sustainability and ethical practices in their operations.

A supply chain that incorporates sustainable practices and reduces environmental impact.